Both verbs, ser and estar, are equivalent to
the English verb to be; however, they have very specific meanings and are NOT interchangeable. NOTE in the following examples how the
meaning of a sentence changes:
·
La Miss Universo es linda./Miss
Universe is pretty.
·
Mi madre está
aburrida./ My mother is bored.
·
Mi hijito es vivo./
My little son is smart.
·
Mi hijito está
vivo./ My little son is alive.
![](file:///C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image001.gif)
SER / TO BE
Pronoun
|
Present
|
Past
|
Future
|
Conditional
|
yo/
I
|
||||
tú/
you
|
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él,
ella, Ud./ he, she, you
|
||||
nos./
we
|
||||
vos./you
|
||||
ellos,
Uds./ they, you
|
![](file:///C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\02\clip_image001.gif)
1. Ser/ to be is used to describe essential or inherent
characteristics or qualities:
Basic
aspects: color, shape, material of which something is made out of, size,
physical characteristics, and personality.
EXAMPLES
·
La nieve es
blanca./ The snow is white.
·
El saco es
de lana./ The jacket is wool.
·
Yo soy
alta./ I am tall.
·
Mi socio es
extrovertido./ My partner is outgoing.
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2.
Possession.
EXAMPLE
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3.
Relationship.
EXAMPLE
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4.
Profession.
EXAMPLE
·
Son cirujanos
plásticos./ They are plastic surgeons.
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5.
Nationality.
EXAMPLE
·
Soy argentina./ I
am Argentine.
![]() |
6.
Origin.
EXAMPLE
·
El interventor es de
La Paz./ The auditor is from La Paz.
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7.
Ser/ to be is used
to indicate marital status.
EXAMPLE
·
Ella es divorciada./
She is divorced.
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8.
Expressions of time and dates.
EXAMPLES
·
Hoy es jueves./
Today is Thursday.
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9.
Events taking place.
EXAMPLE
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10.
Passive voice.
EXAMPLE
·
La casa fue
incendiada./ The house (was) burned down.
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11.
Impersonal expressions.
EXAMPLE
·
Es imposible hablar
con ellos./ It's impossible talking to them.
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12.
Noun and adjective complement (A complement completes the sentence by
describing or defining the subject).
EXAMPLES
·
Mi suegra es una
abuela maravillosa./ My mother-in-law is a wonderful grandma.
·
Ella es Ana./
She is Ana.
·
El compasivo es él./ The
compassionate one is he. (Remember that the verb to be is transitory;
therefore, he is used instead of him.)
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