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PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES/ Personal pronouns
Personal
pronouns can be used as subjects of a sentence. They replace a noun.
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Singular
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Plural
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yo/ I
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nosotros (mas.), nosotras
(fem.)/ we
|
|
tú (informal), usted
(formal)/ you
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vosotros (mas.),vosotras
(fem.), ustedes/ you
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él/ he, ella/ she
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ellos, ellas/ they
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Tú
is
the singular informal form of you. It is used to address family
members, children, and friends.
Ud. is the abbreviation
of usted
and is the singular formal form of you. It is preferable to use Ud.
in all other instances.
Vosotros is the
familiar plural form of you that is only used in Spain. In
all other Latin American countries, ustedes is used. NOTE: That ustedes is used for both informal and polite plural.
Nosotros,
vosotros, ellos are used to refer to a male group or a group of mixed
gender. However, nosotras, vosotras and ellas refer to only a group of females.
DIFERENCIAS CON EL INGLÉS/
Differences with English
1. In Spanish, verb endings indicate the subject. Therefore,
subject pronouns are often omitted.
EXAMPLES:
·
Abrimos
a las ocho./ We open at eight.
·
Cierran primero./
They close first.
2.
In order to emphasize the subject, a pronoun is used. When used, it precedes
the verb.
EXAMPLE:
·
Yo soy el mejor./ I
am the best.
3.
A pronoun is used in order to avoid confusion when verb forms present
ambiguity.
|
yo/ I
Ud./ you
él/ he
ella/ she
|
hacía
ejercicios./ was or were exercising.
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4.
Pronouns are always used when there
are 2 verbs and 2 subjects.
EXAMPLE:
·
Yo soy feliz, y él
no lo es./ I am happy, but he is not.
5.
The pronoun it is rarely used.
EXAMPLES:
·
Es posible alcanzar
esa meta./ It is possible to reach that goal.
·
Está lloviendo./
It's raining.
6.
In a question, subject pronouns can precede or follow the verb.
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¿Ud. es
el presidente?
|
Are
you the president?
|
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¿Es
Ud. el presidente?
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7.
Unlike English, personal pronouns are used in the following constructions:
·
Como ella, él, ellos,
ellas/ like her, him, them
·
Entre tú y yo/ between
you and me
·
Excepto ella, él,
ellos, ellas / except her, him, them
·
Incluso/ incluyendo ella, él,
ellos, ellas / including her, him, them
·
Según ella, él, ellos,
ellas / according to her, him, them
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